Cognitive stimulation as part of nursing care in geriatrics: approaches and effectiveness

Abstract

The research highlights a significant prevalence of cognitive impairment and associated modifiable risk factors, including chronic diseases, psycho-emotional disorders, social isolation, and low cognitive and physical activity, among elderly individuals receiving home nursing care. In response, nursing care plays a crucial, multifaceted role, encompassing early screening for cognitive decline and depression, followed by the systematic implementation of various interventions. These include structured cognitive exercises targeting attention, memory, and executive functions, as well as indirect support through breathing techniques to manage stress and anxiety, and comprehensive assistance from home health aides. The integrated approach of home care agencies, leveraging multidisciplinary teams and a structured nursing process, proves vital in mitigating cognitive decline, improving patients' quality of life, and fostering greater functional independence within their home environment. The goal of the research is to develop and implement a system of nursing interventions aimed at supporting cognitive health in older people in order to improve their quality of life. The research methodology includes literature analysis, quantitative research (surveys and cognitive state assessment) using validated instruments (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) ), practical implementation of a pilot program. The obtained results can be used for further development of geriatric care training programs for nursing students. The proposed typology of cognitive interventions can be used as a theoretical basis for future research in the field of nursing. Implementation of regular cognitive screening for patients aged 65+ in healthcare facilities. Integration of nursing programs for cognitive health support into the daily practice of long-term care institutions (nursing homes, assisted living facilities). Conducting training for nurses on recognizing early signs of cognitive decline and implementing preventive interventions. Creation of interdisciplinary teams, including nurses, social workers, psychologists, and doctors, to develop individualized plans for supporting cognitive functioning