THE IMPACT OF DEMENTIA ON VITAL ACTIVITIES OF ELDERLY PEOPLE, AND THE OPTIONS FOR IMPROVING THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE

Abstract

This study is dedicated to the impact of dementia on vital activities of elderly people, and the options for improving their quality of life Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by impairments in memory and other cognitive functions, such as speech, abstract thinking, and praxis, resulting from organic brain damage. It affects daily life and professional activities, often accompanied by emotional disturbances, while consciousness remains intact until late stages. Dementia's onset is typically gradual, with some cases exhibiting stationary or reversible progression. Various types of dementia are categorized based on the location of brain damage, including cortical, subcortical, cortical-subcortical, and multifocal dementias. While dementia predominantly occurs in older populations, it should not be seen as an inevitable consequence of aging, with approximately 15% of cases being treatable. The disease manifests in various cognitive and behavioral impairments, with Alzheimer's disease being the most recognized form. Pathomorphological changes in dementia often involve degeneration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures, leading to cognitive decline, motor impairments, and eventual loss of all mental abilities. Treatment focuses on pharmacotherapy targeting cognitive symptoms, mood disorders, and comorbidities, while also emphasizing psychosocial support, family involvement, and management of accompanying medical conditions. The aim of the study was to investigate and evaluate the impact of dementia on the vital activities of elderly individuals, including cognitive, physical, and social functions. Additionally, the study sought to identify and assess various strategies and interventions aimed at improving the quality of life for dementia patients, focusing on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, as well as the role of family support, caregiving practices, and rehabilitation programs in enhancing overall well-being and independence in daily activities. The scientific significance of this study lies in expanding the understanding about the impact of the integrated nursing approach on the psychological support of elderly people with dementia. The results of the study allow identifying the most effective methods and strategies for supporting on vital activities of elderly people with dementia, as well as identifying areas that require additional attention and improvement. This will help improve the quality of care and support provided to patients during the treatment of dementia of elderly people. The data obtained are of practical import for the development of more effective psychological support programs as part of dementia on vital activities of elderly people practice, ultimately leading to improved quality of life for patients and optimization of treatment outcomes for this category of patients.