NURSING AND MODERN SURGICAL TREATMENTS FOR ONCOLOGICAL DISEASES

Abstract

Nurses play an important role in preparation for and providing surgical treatments to cancer patients through their participation in all stages of the process, from preoperative preparation to postoperative rehabilitation. This study is focused on the role of nurses in the context of surgical treatment of patients with various oncological diseases. The aim of the study: to examine and elaborate on the key aspects of the nursing work with cancer patients, explore the clinical manifestations of oncological diseases, categorize the patients based on their disease and surgical interventions, and investigate survival rates, complication rates and recurrence rates in cancer patients. Study objectives. 1. To determine the role of nurses in organizing the cancer surgery process based on the analysis of modern literature. 2. To identify the main issues and contradictions that nurses face when working with cancer patients requiring surgical treatment, and propose ways to address them. 3. To study the clinical aspects of some of the most common types of oncological diseases that require surgical treatment. 4. To identify modern methods of surgical treatment for various types and stages of oncological diseases. 5. To study survival rates and the frequencies of complications and recurrences in cancer patients, as well as the risks associated with the surgical treatment of oncological diseases, and ways to prevent and address them. The object of research. 245 patients from cancer centers diagnosed with breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, or thyroid cancer. The subject of research. The role of the nurse working with cancer patients, a comprehensive analysis of clinical symptoms depending on the diseases, determining various types of surgical treatment of oncological diseases, and identification of complications and risks in the postoperative period. The methods of study: The following methods have been used to achieve the goals of the study. 1. Selection of study subjects: The study included 245 patients diagnosed with various types of oncological diseases such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, skin cancer, and thyroid cancer. Study subjects have been recruited from three cancer centers and encompassed age groups from 18 to 75 years. 2. Patient survey: The data were collected at a single point in time using patient surveys. Participants reported on the frequency and severity of cancer-related symptoms, as well as the extent to which they sought medical attention. 3. Statistical analysis: The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics to analyze the distribution of symptoms, which allowed assessing differences in symptomatology based on cancer type and other factors. 4. Data modeling: In the second part of the study, data were used to compare the outcomes of different types of surgical treatments for cancer. Patients were divided into groups depending on the type of surgery, cancer stage, the use of other treatments and presence of comorbidities. Data modeling made it possible to assess the effects of various factors on treatment outcomes. 5. Analysis of complications, recurrence rates and survival: In the third part of the study, data were used to assess complications, recurrence rates and survival in patients with different types of cancer. Complications included thrombosis, thromboembolism, etc. The analysis was conducted taking into account various risk factors. The scientific and practical value of the study. Study results provide valuable information on the symptomatology of various cancer types. This can improve diagnosis and selection of treatment methods. This is important for nurses and practicing physicians and oncologists, helping them more accurately determine appropriate treatments for specific types of cancer. Conclusions: 1. The role of nurses in organizing the process of cancer surgery. A study of modern literature allows for a clear determination of the importance and diversity of nursing roles in organizing the process of cancer surgery. They have a key effect on maintaining safety, coordinating care and ensuring psychological support of patients at all stages of surgical intervention. 2. Problems and controversies in working with cancer patients: Identification of the core problems and controversies encountered by nurses working with cancer patients that require surgical treatment, highlight the need to improve organizational processes, provide emotional support to staff, and adopt an individualized approach to care. Decisions include personnel training, effective communication and psychological preparation. 3. Clinical aspects of some of the most common types of oncological diseases: A study of clinical aspects elucidates the characteristics of various types of oncological diseases requiring surgical treatment. This allows nurses to participate more effectively in diagnosis, preoperative preparation, and postoperative care. 4. Modern methods of surgical treatment for various types and stages of oncological diseases: Highlighting modern surgical treatments emphasizes the importance of innovation in medical practice. This includes the use of minimally invasive procedures, robotic surgery and personalized approaches to each patient. 5. The main complications and risks associated with surgical treatment: A study of the main complications and risks, and the proposed ways of preventing and correcting them, emphasizes the importance of systematic patient monitoring, strict adherence to safety protocols, and continually updating nursing skills.