MODERN PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF DISEASE PREVENTION IN THE WORK OF THE NURSE

Abstract

Nurses play a vital role in public healthcare worldwide. They are a significant part of medical institutions, often being the first and primary point of contact for patients. Given the global shortage of healthcare workers, nurses should be recognized as a valuable resource to provide accessible, affordable, and effective care. The nursing profession is not only large but also socially significant, with rational utilization of nursing staff leading to improved healthcare availability, quality, and cost-effectiveness. Reforms in nursing highlight their increasing role in organizing preventive, therapeutic, and diagnostic measures across all levels of healthcare, including disease prevention and health screenings. Nurses can support education and awareness campaigns, promote healthy choices, and contribute to creating environments conducive to physical activity. Promoting medical and hygienic knowledge among the population has proven to be highly effective in reducing illness and mortality rates, as well as fostering a healthy generation. Prophylactic education is a powerful tool for public health improvement. The aim of the study: to study the modern principles and methods of disease prevention used by the nurses. Study objectives. 1. To review the preventive thread of health care and methods for prevention of various diseases in nursing practice. 2. To define and evaluate the main methods and possibilities for the prevention of infections and selected parasitic disease. 3. To determine the main threads in prevention of infectious disease. 4. To investigate the possibilities and principles of immunization as a reliable protection of the individual and the society against infectious disease. 5. To study some of the hazardous infections controllable with vaccines 6. To review the special characteristics of HIV/AIDS prevention, and the special characteristics of tuberculosis prevention and controlling tuberculosis. 7. To determine the special aspects in prevention of influenza and URTI. 8. To investigate the particular features of prevention in selected parasitic skin diseases. 9. To determine the special aspects in prevention of parasitic skin diseases such as opisthorchiasis and diphyllobothriasis. 10. To investigate the possibilities and principles of modern prevention of non-communicable diseases. 11. To determine and investigate the special aspects in prevention of cardiovascular disease. 12. To investigate the peculiarities of the preventive nursing work aimed at prevention of diabetes mellitus. The object of research: This study focused on patients of various age groups who underwent preventive measures for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus in order to reduce the risk of developing these conditions. The subject of research: The specific aspects of nursing work involved in organizing and implementing preventive interventions with patients of different age groups who underwent preventive measures for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The methods of study: The study utilized conventional preventive methods and general clinical assessment techniques, including gathering the patient's medical history, conducting physical examinations, observing the patient, assessing general health status, comparing and processing data, utilizing statistical research methods, and employing analytical scientific study methods. The scientific and practical value of the study. In the study, the focus was on examining the modern principles and methods of disease prevention in nursing practice. The preventive aspect of healthcare and various methods to prevent diseases were explored. Specifically, the evaluation of prevention methods for infections and parasitic diseases, including infectious disease prevention and the significance of immunization as reliable protection for individuals and society. Additionally, specific infections such as HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, influenza, and upper respiratory tract infections, as well as parasitic skin diseases, were investigated. Furthermore, the possibilities and principles of preventing non-communicable diseases, with a particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease prevention, and the preventive nursing work for diabetes mellitus, were examined. The aim of this study was to examine the modern principles and methods of disease prevention employed by nurses. In this research work, conventional preventive methods and general clinical methods of patient assessment were utilized. These methods included collecting history of present disease, general health history, patient observation, physical examination, general health status assessments, data comparison, data processing, statistical research methods, and the analytical method of scientific study. The study consisted of patient observation and data analysis, involving a total of 239 subjects. In the first part of the research project, a 13-question questionnaire was developed to assess awareness of ways to prevent cardiovascular disease. The results of the survey were analyzed. In the second part of the research work, potential strategies were developed for the prevention of diabetes mellitus and reducing the risks associated with it. At the end of the research work, findings were analyzed, data was compared, results were generalized, and conclusions were drawn.