CURRENT TRENDS IN TRAUMA EPIDEMIOLOGY, EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Abstract

In recent decades, trauma has emerged as a major public health issue globally. While infectious diseases once dominated global health priorities, injuries and trauma have increasingly become important causes of death and disability. According to global health reports, millions of people suffer from traumatic injuries every year. Many of these injuries lead to long-term disability, affecting not only individuals but also families and communities. The economic impact of trauma is also substantial, as it increases healthcare costs and reduces productivity. One reason trauma has gained attention in public health research is its preventable nature. Many injuries occur due to modifiable factors such as unsafe roads, lack of protective equipment, poor workplace safety, or alcohol use. By addressing these factors, it is possible to significantly reduce injury rates. The study aims to investigate the current epidemiological trends in trauma, to analyze the main causes of trauma, and to review existing trauma prevention strategies from a public health perspective. Materials and methods. This study used bibliosemantic method, questionnaire surveys of patients with trauma (110 patients with trauma, registered in the regional hospital, emergency department and 334 patients with trauma, registered in the primary health care facilities and home care services in rural and urban settings; observation; analysis and statistical analysis of the obtained and publicly available data. Results. Study results indicate that road traffic injuries, falls, burns, and interpersonal violence were found to be the most common causes of trauma. A range of prevention strategies have been identified as the main strategic directions for trauma prevention among the population. These include road safety programmes, public awareness campaigns, and workplace safety strategies to prevent occupational injuries. The results of patient satisfaction surveys reveal important gaps in the quality and accessibility of trauma care, particularly in communication, continuity of care, and responsiveness of services. Incorporating patient perspectives into healthcare planning is crucial for improving service delivery and ensuring patient-centered care. The implementation of road trauma prevention actions for school children demonstrates positive outcomes in increasing awareness, knowledge, and safe behaviors. These interventions represent an effective and scalable model for early prevention, supporting the development of long-term strategies to reduce road traffic injuries in the population. Conclusion. Trauma is a major public health concern that requires both medical and preventive interventions. Strengthening emergency care systems, improving early detection, and implementing community-based prevention strategies can help reduce trauma-related deaths and disabilities. Public health policies should continue to focus on injury prevention and improved trauma care infrastructure.