ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING THE MODEL OF BEHAVIOR AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY OF NURSES WORK

Abstract

Job burnout is defined as exhaustion syndrome, occurring as a consequence of constant emotional burden associated with work. The threat of job burnout is associated with the following organisational considerations: the specificity of the profession performed, the place and the conditions of work, as well as individual factors - personal, intra-psychic ones. The negative effects of job burnout concern both personal sphere (individual) and social one. Symptoms and signs that may indicate incoming job burnout refer to both physical and mental health, as well as professional one. The most common symptoms include: physical fatigue, apathy in relation to family members and friends, and growing dissatisfaction with the work, distancing from patients. Stress occurring in the workplace can be deepened by stressful events in ones personal life, such as death of a loved person, illness, divorce, family quarrels. The severity of stress is dependent on the degree of adaptation in the conditions of work and maturity of the individual characteristics affecting the reactivity to stress: personality traits, temperament, behavioural patterns. The objective of the paper. The main objective of the study was to analyse the problem of job burnout among nurses working in hospitals, taking into account socio-demographic factors and personality traits. Material and methods. The study included 160 nurses working in surgical, internal medicine and pediatric departments of hospitals. The study applied diagnostic survey method based on the technique of questionnaires. The following research tools were used in the study: AVEM test (Pattern of Behaviour and Experience Related to Work), NEO-FFI questionnaire (NEO Five-Factor Inventory). Results. Research conducted and statistical analysis showed that the most common causes of work-related stress among nurses related to financial factors (71,3%), shortage of staff (56,9%), the excess of duties (53,1%) and the overload of administrative tasks (51,9%). The most common and indicated ways of coping with stress at work was friends' help (63,8%). Studies have shown that 56,9% of nurses surveyed has the characteristics of job burnout or excessive professional workload. It has been shown that job burnout does not depend on factors such as age (p = 0,222), the overall length of professional experience (p = 0,167) or marital status (p = 0,304). Significant effect on the occurrence of job burnout included an internship in the current workplace (p = 0,015), education (p = 0,002), subjective assessment of stress (<0,001), position held (p <0,001) and workplace (p <0,001). 33,3% of nurses in the departments had some type of burnout, of which 21,6% were excessively overworked. Burnout was more common among nurses working in pediatric departments (38,0%) than in therapeutic departments (23,6%). Analysis of personality features of nurses showed high intensity of extraversion and conscientiousness and low openness severity to experience and neuroticism. It has been shown that the severity of personality traits is significantly dependent on age, education, subjective assessment of stress, as well as position held and workplace. Conclusions. The study revealed a high level of stress intensity among the surveyed nurses, with the most common stressors in the workplace being low pay for work performed, understaffing, excessive responsibilities and administrative tasks, and responsibility for another person. Two types of work-related behaviors prevailed among nurses: professional burnout and excessive overload. Socio-demographic factors such as age, marital status, and overall professional experience of the respondents did not affect the prevalence of work-related behaviors. The phenomenon of professional burnout is more common among nurses with secondary education, who experience high level of stress and have a long professional experience at their current workplace. The most frequent way for respondents to cope with stress was the support of friends, which is related to the lack of professional psychological help. Understanding the factors of stress in the workplace and the conditions for overcoming them will allow to make efforts to create a system of psychological support for nurses